EARTH-ROCK ANCHORS

Also known as ground anchors,earth-rock anchors provide cost-effective solutions to stability or support problems that require a counterforce to uplift or other undesirable forces acting on structures or foundations.Rock anchors are load transfer systems that require an anchor,such as a steel bar,bonded into competent bedrock with high-strength grout,a tendon,and connection to the structure where problems exist or are anticipated.

Anchors of this sort may be used to provide tiebacks for various structures such as bridges,to secure structures against wind forces,provide resistance to structural uplift or overturning,stabilize landslide zones and provide lateral support to walls.

HELICAL ANCHORS

A helical anchor is a foundation underpinning with the helical appearance of a screw. It is used to counteract the results of foundation settlement. The screw provides a bearing surface that transfers the load from the structure to the underlying soil or rock bearing strata. The anchors are screwed into the ground in "flights" as needed to provide structural remediation. A "flight" is a section of helical anchor shaft.

SOIL NAILS

Soil Nailing is a slope stabilization method reinforcing the existing ground by the installation of threaded steel bars into a slope or cut bank as construction proceeds from the top of the slope or cut bank down.The process creates a stable mass of soil, in essence a block of earth that is able to retain the soil behind it. A constructed face is generally required. The constructed face is typically made with shotcrete, reinforced with wire mesh and steel plates. Permanent face walls are constructed with cast-in-place facings. Drainage systems are an integral part of the nailed wall, and must also be adequate above and behind the retaining wall.Drainage systems include geotextile facing, relief wells and slotted plastic collection piping.

SHOTCRETE

Shotcrete may be used to reinforce fractured rock masses in slopes and reduce susceptibility to weathering in weaker rock formations. Shotcrete consists of a wet- mix mortar-aggregate blown by compressed air directly onto a rock face or other surface. The force of impact compacts the mortar in place, bonding it to the rock at the face. Shotcrete is usually a reinforcing rather than a supporting agent and is therefore often used together with rock bolts. Addition of wire fiber (1 inch long more or less) to the mixture will significantly increase the tensile strength of the mortar-aggregate mix.